---
title: "Turkish Verb Endings and Vowel Harmony"
description: "Learn how Turkish verb endings change with vowel harmony. Understand the rule, then reinforce it with examples and interactive practice."
canonical_url: "https://turkce-trainer.com/en/grammar/verb-endings"
markdown_url: "https://turkce-trainer.com/en/grammar/verb-endings.md"
locale: en
last_updated: 2026-09-13
---

# Turkish Verb Endings and Vowel Harmony

Learn how Turkish verb endings change with vowel harmony. Understand the rule, then reinforce it with examples and interactive practice.

## Turkish Verb Endings and Vowel Harmony

Turkish verb endings change because of vowel harmony. Learn how verbs are built from a stem, tense marker, and personal ending.

- Verb stem + tense marker + person ending
- Four-way vowel harmony: a/ı → ı, e/i → i, o/u → u, ö/ü → ü

## FAQ

### What are the parts of a Turkish verb?

A Turkish verb form is usually built from a verb stem, a tense marker, and a personal ending. The stem carries the meaning, the tense marker shows when or how the action happens, and the personal ending shows who does it.

### What are the six Turkish personal endings?

The six person slots are ben, sen, o, biz, siz, and onlar. Their endings change by tense and vowel harmony, but they always mark whether the action is done by I, you, he/she/it, we, you plural/formal, or they.

### How does vowel harmony choose the ending vowel?

Turkish endings match their vowel to the last vowel in the stem. In four-way vowel harmony, a/ı leads to ı, e/i leads to i, o/u leads to u, and ö/ü leads to ü.

### Why is there often no ending for third person singular?

The o form, meaning he, she, or it, often has no visible personal ending in Turkish tenses. The tense marker itself is enough, as in geliyor for he/she/it is coming.

### Can I drop the subject pronoun in Turkish?

Yes. Turkish often drops subject pronouns because the personal ending already shows the person. Ben geliyorum and geliyorum both mean I am coming, but the shorter form is often more natural in everyday Turkish.

## Practice

[Start verb endings practice](https://turkce-trainer.com/en/practice/verb-endings?returnTo=%2Fen%2Fgrammar%2Fverb-endings)